Aseqqamu amatu n tidukla tagraγlant n tussna n imtiwgen (International Astronomy Union ) yekkes Bluten seg wegraw n imtiwgen . 2500 imusnawen yemlalen di Praha di tmurt n Ccik frant-tt s tmara, deg wayyur n γuct yezrin,  akken ad yettwakkes seg wemkan d-yeṭṭef segmi t-id yuffa umussnayyur amarikan Clyde W.Tombaugh deg 1930.

Imussnayyuren ugin tikti n imḍebren n I.A.U yebγan ad bḍun imtiwgen γef sin : imeqranen d imejtaḥ .

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D amussnagamaw (physicien), d amussnayyur (astronome), aẓar-is n tmurt n Ṭelyan. Galili d yiwen gar wid I d-igren lsas I tussnagama tamirant(physique moderne). Gar wayen iqdec Galili d Kepler, irfed-iten Newton I leqdic-is.
Galili isnulfa-d s wacu issaked aggur, isken-d tiderra (ccwami) illan γef iṭij. D Galili I d-yufan isafen illan γef aggur d igensawen (satellites) imeqqranen n Jupiter d udmawen n Venus.

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‘’Angal n webrid’’ neγ ilugan n unhaṛ s temḥadra d ttawil d adlis id yesufeγ mass Ali Khelfa .Yesedda deg wedlis-is akk igalisen (tiplakin) yettwasnen di tmurt nneγ d ilugan niḍen n unhaṛ .
Ad sfaydin seg-s imenharen imaynuten d yeqdimen neγ wid iḥemlen ad γren s tmaziγt i tmaziγt. Ad tafem deg-s azal n 300 awalen s tmaziγt yezzin γef anhaṛ s umata .

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D amussnagamaw (physicien) adanmarki, ittwassen γef leqdic-is di tussnagama tanaɛurt (nucléaire) d ubelkim (atome).

Ilul di Copenhague, tamaneγt n tmurt n Danmark. Baba-s d afiziulug (physiologue). Bohr, ikcem γer yesnidi (laboratoire) n Rutherford (iqdec yid-s) di Manchester.

Deg usseggwas 1911, Bohr ikfa almud ines di tesdawit n Copenhague, yeffeγ-d s Doctorat.

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D amussnagamaw (physicien), amussakura (chimiste) a?elyani, I d-yefkan turda (hypothèse) ittwassnen s yisem alugen n Avogadro.

Ilul di Turin, di tazwara ye?ra akken ad d-yeffe? d abuga?u. Maca netta ittwet(Yettwalleh) ?ef tussnakt d tussagama.

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tissetlata d " amawal n tmaziγt tatrart " (1974).

Tagi t-tajeṛṛumt n tmaziγt s-tmaziγt.Naaṛeḍ at-t-nesshel ayen nwaa, acku, imi werğin tsenfali tmaziγt tussniwin icban tigi, iban beddu-s a-d-yezg di tazzwara iṣaab cwiṭ.Maca tameslayt n tussna dayem tṣaab cwiṭ ula di tmeslayin illan qedment (neγ qeddment ) di tγerma. D amedya, m'ara iγer bnadem adlis n tneslilsit s-tefransist neγ s-teglizit, ad yaf degs awalen t-tenfalyin werğin d asen isli yakw di ddunit .Maca mi-guγ tannumi yidsen a ten yaf sehlen, u ad yuγal netta s-yiman-is a ten issemras.

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Tura ma ur cciḍeγ ara ahat nnig 40 iseggasen fell-as, maca ur as-ten-tettakeḍ ara ! Docteur deg Tusnakt, d aselmad deg tesdawit n Tizi-Wezzu send ad yunag γer Fransa deg-useggas 1982 (?) Tura atan aḍar dihin aḍar da, "am-wefrux ifirelles", akken i t-id-yeğğa win. Hend di tsuta-ines, seg-imezwura deg-imeγnasen n temsalt n Tmaziγt:ur εad zemmen fell-as 16 ( isegg°asen 66 d asawen) "asmi yebda tikli", imir-en d anelmad di lycée Aεmiruc.

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D amussnak (mathématicien), d amusnagamaw (physicien) aglizi, Newton d yiwen seg wid iqqimen deg umezruy I lebda, acku tiliwa n tussna I d-yeǧǧa ur ttγarayent ara. Newton gar wid I d-isnulfan asiḍen (calcul), yufa-d tifeγt n tiddit n tafat (optique).Ɣef umussu (amimeḍ), Newton isnulfa-d kraḍ ilugan, seg tid I d-iffeγen alugen n uselmem anmeγrad (gravitation universelle).

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Kupernik Nikula d amussnayyur, aẓar-is d apuluni. Ittwassen s teẓri I d-iqqaren : iṭij d areggag (ur ittmimiḍ ara) di tlemmast n umeγrad (univers).Amaḍal itezzi γef yiman-is abrid i wass, deg usseggwas γef iṭij (système hélicocentrique).

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Mixayel Aleksandrubicc Bakunin (s trusit Михаил Александрович Бакунин), imi qqaren tikwalMichel Bakounine, illul ass n 20 neγ 30 di magu 1814 di Primuxino, di tmurt n Rrus, imut ass amenzu di yulyu ussegwass n 1876 di Bern, tamurt n Sswis d afilusuf anerwaḍ (anar). Acḥal d assegwaas d Pierre-Joseph Proudhon illa-d d tala-s n tikta.

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D aseγnaw (inventeur) amarikani. Ilul di Milan (Ohio), Edison yeγra 03 wayyuren kan deg uγerbaz. Tuγ fell-as 12 isseggwasen di ticett-is, assmi illa iznuzu iγmisen, mi ittxemmim γef tmacinin timikanikiyin d trisiti.

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D anaẓur alsawi (artiste humaniste), aflurunti (Ṭelyan), d amekla (peintre), d asreqqat (sculpteur), d amasdag (architecte), d ajenyur u d amassan.
Léonard de Vinci d Aṭuskani (agafa n Ṭelyan), ilul ass n 15 di yebrir 1452 di temdint Vinci zdat n Florence. Ar usseggwas 1466 ikcem d anelmad (garzone akken isen qqaren di Ṭelyan) ad d-ilmed takult d usreqqet deg usakwen (atelier) Andrea del Verrocchio (1435-1488). Seg usseggwas 1478 Léonard de Vinci yuγal d anaẓur ilelli.

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D amussnak (mathématicien) aṭelyani. Fibonacci ilul di temdint n Pise tamdint n tnezzut (commerce). Mi yewweḍ 20 iseggwasen di ticett-is iḍfer baba-s γer tferka ugafa (ar Bgayet) din I iγra anagraw n usmiden ihendiyen d usmiden inselmanen. Mi d-yuγal γer Turuft (Europe), deg useggwas 1202, issuffeγ-d adlis Liber abbci, deg-s I d-immal asmiden anselman d wulac (0).

Fibonacci yura γef tiẓri n yemḍanen d tnezzeggit (géométrie), ittwassen daγen s umazrar (suite) n « tlalit n iwtal » :

u1=0 ; u2=0 un=un-1+un-2 n>2 (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ...).

Amazrar-agi isnulfa t-id assmi is d-sutren kra n imγiden γef tnerni n iwtal-nsen. Ran ad walin acḥal n iwtal ar a d-yeǧ myal awtul illan γur-sen. Dγa netta, imi I issen I tussnak tikli issal-id amazrar iṭfen ism-is ar ass-a : amazrar n Fibonacci.

Sγur Mack A.A d Yusef A.Y

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Anfafad asenselkim
Anfafad asenselkim d ahil. Ahil-a, yezmer ad t-id-yaru umessihel (programmeur). S tiddi n wenfafad-a, tettbeddil tikli tamagnut n uselkim, neƔ xeṛṛben isalan yellan deg-s.

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ANGAL (CODE) ASCII
Aselkim ifehhem anagar tameslayt n uselkim (langage machine).
Ameslay n uselkim d azrar n "0" d "1", d talγa timisint (forme binaire). Mi ara neẓreg (éditer) azamul (d asekkil neγ d amḍan..), azamul-a ad yettwasuqqel γer tmeslayt n uselkim ; yal azamul yellan γef unasiw (clavier), γur-s azal-is d angal (code).
Gar wengalen yellan : ASCII, tanselfat (sigle) n (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), angal s tizeγt amarikan n usmeksel n tilγa.
Anagalt-a d win n yemḍanen d yisekkilen d tecraḍ n usenqeḍ (signes de ponctuations) n tecraḍ nniḍen.
Angal ASCII, deg-s 256 n wengalen. Tebḍa γef sin yeḥricen, yal aḥric deg-s 128.

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Ass n 18 di yebrir d ass amuli n tmettant n Albert Einstein

50 d assegwas seld(après) tamettant n Albert Einstein, tacebbubt-is tamellat, claγwem-is ibarkanen akw d yiles-is id isken i umaďal d tirni qqimen-d d azamul n tigzi.

Ass n 18 di yebrir 1955, Albert Einstein, amusnaw akw amuqŗan n tallit tatrat, yewweď sani akw ara nawweď di Princeton deg Iwunak idduklen n Marikan (USA),
76 d assegwas γef ticet-is.

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